Investigative journalism is a form of journalism in which reporters deeply investigate a single topic of interest, often involving crime, political corruption, or a scandal. An investigative journalist may spend months or years researching and preparing a report, which often takes the form of an exposé. Most investigative journalism is done by newspapers, wire services and freelance journalists. As part of an investigation, journalists make use of:
- surveillance techniques
- analysis of documents
- investigation of technical issues, including scrutiny of equipment and its performance
- research into social and legal issues
- studying sources: archives, phone records, address books, tax records and license records
- talking to neighbors or other parties
- using subscription research sources such as LexisNexis
- anonymous sources (for example whistleblowers)
- going undercover
Investigations at times can take on the appearance of conspiracy theories. For example, Gary Webb's 1996 San Jose Mercury News exposé linking the CIA to Nicaraguan contras organizing the distribution of cocaine into the United States led to its widespread condemnation by the mainstream media as "groundless speculation of government conspiracies". However today, journalists and researchers alike agree that the reporting was "neither false nor fantastic" and historical consensus is that the basic outline of the story was correct.[1]
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Professional definitions
In The Reporter's Handbook: An Investigator's Guide to Documents and Techniques, Steve Weinberg defined investigative journalism as:
- Reporting, through one's own initiative and work product, matters of importance to readers, viewers or listeners. In many cases, the subjects of the reporting wish the matters under scrutiny to remain undisclosed. There are currently university departments for teaching investigative journalism. Conferences are conducted presenting peer reviewed research into investigative journalism.
De Burgh (2000) states that: "An investigative journalist is a man or woman whose profession it is to discover the truth and to identify lapses from it in whatever media may be available. The act of doing this generally is called investigative journalism and is distinct from apparently similar work done by police, lawyers, auditors and regulatory bodies in that it is not limited as to target, not legally founded and closely connected to publicity."
See also
| “ | Undercover reporting was long an accepted practice in American journalism, but in recent years it has largely fallen out of favour. The decline can be traced in part to the transformation of journalism from a profession for cynical, underpaid gumshoe reporters into...a highbrow occupation for opinion-mongers, Sunday talk show yakkers and social climbers. As punditry has replaced muckraking as the profession's highest calling, undercover reporting has been abandoned as too embarrassing and undignified. | ” |
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—Ken Silverstein, 2008[2] |
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- Barlett and Steele
- Bob Woodward
- Bureau of Investigative Journalism
- Carl Bernstein
- Center for Investigative Reporting - Bosnia-Herzegovina
- Exposé: America's Investigative Reports (PBS documentary series)
- Goldsmith Prize for Investigative Reporting
- Henry Demarest Lloyd
- Ida M. Tarbell
- Erin Brockovich
- Investigative Reporters and Editors
- Muckraker
- Seymour Hersh
- Jeremy Scahill
- Uğur Mumcu
References
- Investigative Journalism: Context and Practice, Hugo de Burgh (ed), Routledge, London and New York, 2000.
- ^ Fenster, Mark (2008). Conspiracy Theories: Secrecy and Power in American Culture. Pgs 2-4: University of Minnisota Press. ISBN 0816654948.
- ^ Silverstein, Ken, "Turkmeniscam: How Washington Lobbyists Fought to Flack for a Stalinist Dictatorship", 2008
Further reading
- Web
- Books
- Investigative Reporting: A Study in Technique (Journalism Media Manual), by David Spark, (paperback) 1999.
- Tell Me No Lies: Investigative Journalism That Changed the World, John Pilger, ed.
External links
Listen to this article (info/dl) This audio file was created from a revision dated 2010-03-12, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. (Audio help) More spoken articlesCategories: Investigative journalism | Journalism genres
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Southeast European Times
Let them invest more in investigative journalism , let them still have attractive texts, but they have to be truthful. No sacred cows, no privileged ...
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